Added 'usable_range' filter plugin (#77)

Added 'usable_range' filter plugin

Reviewed-by: https://github.com/apps/ansible-zuul

README.md

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ Name | Description
 [ansible.utils.index_of](https://github.com/ansible-collections/ansible.utils/blob/main/docs/ansible.utils.index_of_filter.rst)|Find the indices of items in a list matching some criteria
 [ansible.utils.to_paths](https://github.com/ansible-collections/ansible.utils/blob/main/docs/ansible.utils.to_paths_filter.rst)|Flatten a complex object into a dictionary of paths and values
 [ansible.utils.to_xml](https://github.com/ansible-collections/ansible.utils/blob/main/docs/ansible.utils.to_xml_filter.rst)|Convert given JSON string to XML
+[ansible.utils.usable_range](https://github.com/ansible-collections/ansible.utils/blob/main/docs/ansible.utils.usable_range_filter.rst)|Expand the usable IP addresses
 [ansible.utils.validate](https://github.com/ansible-collections/ansible.utils/blob/main/docs/ansible.utils.validate_filter.rst)|Validate data with provided criteria
 
 ### Lookup plugins

changelogs/fragments/add_usable_range_filter_plugin.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+---
+minor_changes:
+  - Add usable_range test plugin

docs/ansible.utils.usable_range_filter.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+.. _ansible.utils.usable_range_filter:
+
+
+**************************
+ansible.utils.usable_range
+**************************
+
+**Expand the usable IP addresses**
+
+
+Version added: 2.3.0
+
+.. contents::
+   :local:
+   :depth: 1
+
+
+Synopsis
+--------
+- For a given IP address (IPv4 or IPv6) in CIDR form, the plugin generates a list of usable IP addresses belonging to the network.
+
+
+
+
+Parameters
+----------
+
+.. raw:: html
+
+    <table  border=0 cellpadding=0 class="documentation-table">
+        <tr>
+            <th colspan="1">Parameter</th>
+            <th>Choices/<font color="blue">Defaults</font></th>
+                <th>Configuration</th>
+            <th width="100%">Comments</th>
+        </tr>
+            <tr>
+                <td colspan="1">
+                    <div class="ansibleOptionAnchor" id="parameter-"></div>
+                    <b>ip</b>
+                    <a class="ansibleOptionLink" href="#parameter-" title="Permalink to this option"></a>
+                    <div style="font-size: small">
+                        <span style="color: purple">string</span>
+                         / <span style="color: red">required</span>
+                    </div>
+                </td>
+                <td>
+                </td>
+                    <td>
+                    </td>
+                <td>
+                        <div>A string that represents an IP address of network in CIDR form</div>
+                        <div>{&#x27;For example&#x27;: [&#x27;10.0.0.0/24&#x27;, &#x27;2001:db8:abcd:0012::0/124&#x27;]}</div>
+                </td>
+            </tr>
+    </table>
+    <br/>
+
+
+
+
+Examples
+--------
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+    #### Simple examples
+
+    - name: Expand and produce list of usable IP addresses in 10.0.0.0/28
+      ansible.builtin.set_fact:
+        data: "{{ '10.0.0.0/28' | ansible.utils.usable_range }}"
+
+    # TASK [Expand and produce list of usable IP addresses in 10.0.0.0/28] ************************
+    # ok: [localhost] => {
+    #     "ansible_facts": {
+    #         "data": {
+    #             "number_of_ips": 16,
+    #             "usable_ips": [
+    #                 "10.0.0.0",
+    #                 "10.0.0.1",
+    #                 "10.0.0.2",
+    #                 "10.0.0.3",
+    #                 "10.0.0.4",
+    #                 "10.0.0.5",
+    #                 "10.0.0.6",
+    #                 "10.0.0.7",
+    #                 "10.0.0.8",
+    #                 "10.0.0.9",
+    #                 "10.0.0.10",
+    #                 "10.0.0.11",
+    #                 "10.0.0.12",
+    #                 "10.0.0.13",
+    #                 "10.0.0.14",
+    #                 "10.0.0.15"
+    #             ]
+    #         }
+    #     },
+    #     "changed": false
+    # }
+
+    - name: Expand and produce list of usable IP addresses in 2001:db8:abcd:0012::0/126
+      ansible.builtin.set_fact:
+        data1: "{{ '2001:db8:abcd:0012::0/126' | ansible.utils.usable_range }}"
+
+    # TASK [Expand and produce list of usable IP addresses in 2001:db8:abcd:0012::0/126] ***
+    # ok: [localhost] => {
+    #     "ansible_facts": {
+    #         "data1": {
+    #             "number_of_ips": 4,
+    #             "usable_ips": [
+    #                 "2001:db8:abcd:12::",
+    #                 "2001:db8:abcd:12::1",
+    #                 "2001:db8:abcd:12::2",
+    #                 "2001:db8:abcd:12::3"
+    #             ]
+    #         }
+    #     },
+    #     "changed": false
+    # }
+
+    - name: Expand and produce list of usable IP addresses in 10.1.1.1
+      ansible.builtin.set_fact:
+        data: "{{ '10.1.1.1' | ansible.utils.usable_range }}"
+
+    # TASK [Expand and produce list of usable IP addresses in 10.1.1.1] ***************************
+    # ok: [localhost] => {
+    #     "ansible_facts": {
+    #         "data": {
+    #             "number_of_ips": 1,
+    #             "usable_ips": [
+    #                 "10.1.1.1"
+    #             ]
+    #         }
+    #     },
+    #     "changed": false
+    # }
+
+    #### Simple Use-case (looping through the list result)
+
+    - name: Expand and produce list of usable IP addresses in 192.0.2.0/28
+      ansible.builtin.set_fact:
+        data1: "{{ '127.0.0.0/28' | ansible.utils.usable_range }}"
+
+    - name: Ping all but first IP addresses from the generated list
+      shell: "ping -c 1 {{ item }}"
+      loop: "{{ data1.usable_ips[1:] }}"
+
+    # TASK [Expand and produce list of usable IP addresses in 192.0.2.0/28] ******************************
+    # ok: [localhost]
+
+    # TASK [Ping all but first IP addresses from the generated list] *************************************
+    # changed: [localhost] => (item=127.0.0.1)
+    # changed: [localhost] => (item=127.0.0.2)
+    # changed: [localhost] => (item=127.0.0.3)
+    # changed: [localhost] => (item=127.0.0.4)
+    # changed: [localhost] => (item=127.0.0.5)
+    # changed: [localhost] => (item=127.0.0.6)
+    # changed: [localhost] => (item=127.0.0.7)
+    # changed: [localhost] => (item=127.0.0.8)
+    # changed: [localhost] => (item=127.0.0.9)
+    # changed: [localhost] => (item=127.0.0.10)
+    # changed: [localhost] => (item=127.0.0.11)
+    # changed: [localhost] => (item=127.0.0.12)
+    # changed: [localhost] => (item=127.0.0.13)
+    # changed: [localhost] => (item=127.0.0.14)
+    # changed: [localhost] => (item=127.0.0.15)
+
+
+
+Return Values
+-------------
+Common return values are documented `here <https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/reference_appendices/common_return_values.html#common-return-values>`_, the following are the fields unique to this filter:
+
+.. raw:: html
+
+    <table border=0 cellpadding=0 class="documentation-table">
+        <tr>
+            <th colspan="1">Key</th>
+            <th>Returned</th>
+            <th width="100%">Description</th>
+        </tr>
+            <tr>
+                <td colspan="1">
+                    <div class="ansibleOptionAnchor" id="return-"></div>
+                    <b>data</b>
+                    <a class="ansibleOptionLink" href="#return-" title="Permalink to this return value"></a>
+                    <div style="font-size: small">
+                      <span style="color: purple">-</span>
+                    </div>
+                </td>
+                <td></td>
+                <td>
+                            <div>Total number of usable IP addresses under the key <code>number_of_ips</code></div>
+                            <div>List of usable IP addresses under the key <code>usable_ips</code></div>
+                    <br/>
+                </td>
+            </tr>
+    </table>
+    <br/><br/>
+
+
+Status
+------
+
+
+Authors
+~~~~~~~
+
+- Priyam Sahoo (@priyamsahoo)
+
+
+.. hint::
+    Configuration entries for each entry type have a low to high priority order. For example, a variable that is lower in the list will override a variable that is higher up.

plugins/filter/usable_range.py

@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2021 Red Hat
+# GNU General Public License v3.0+
+# (see COPYING or https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt)
+
+"""
+Filter plugin file for usable_range
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function
+from ipaddress import IPv4Network, IPv6Network
+
+from ansible_collections.ansible.utils.plugins.plugin_utils.base.ipaddress_utils import (
+    _validate_args,
+    ip_network,
+    _need_ipaddress,
+)
+
+__metaclass__ = type
+
+DOCUMENTATION = """
+    name: usable_range
+    author: Priyam Sahoo (@priyamsahoo)
+    version_added: "2.3.0"
+    short_description: Expand the usable IP addresses
+    description:
+        - For a given IP address (IPv4 or IPv6) in CIDR form, the plugin generates a list of usable IP addresses belonging to the network.
+    options:
+        ip:
+            description:
+            - A string that represents an IP address of network in CIDR form
+            - For example:
+                - "10.0.0.0/24"
+                - "2001:db8:abcd:0012::0/124"
+            type: str
+            required: True
+    notes:
+"""
+
+EXAMPLES = r"""
+
+#### Simple examples
+
+- name: Expand and produce list of usable IP addresses in 10.0.0.0/28
+  ansible.builtin.set_fact:
+    data: "{{ '10.0.0.0/28' | ansible.utils.usable_range }}"
+
+# TASK [Expand and produce list of usable IP addresses in 10.0.0.0/28] ************************
+# ok: [localhost] => {
+#     "ansible_facts": {
+#         "data": {
+#             "number_of_ips": 16,
+#             "usable_ips": [
+#                 "10.0.0.0",
+#                 "10.0.0.1",
+#                 "10.0.0.2",
+#                 "10.0.0.3",
+#                 "10.0.0.4",
+#                 "10.0.0.5",
+#                 "10.0.0.6",
+#                 "10.0.0.7",
+#                 "10.0.0.8",
+#                 "10.0.0.9",
+#                 "10.0.0.10",
+#                 "10.0.0.11",
+#                 "10.0.0.12",
+#                 "10.0.0.13",
+#                 "10.0.0.14",
+#                 "10.0.0.15"
+#             ]
+#         }
+#     },
+#     "changed": false
+# }
+
+- name: Expand and produce list of usable IP addresses in 2001:db8:abcd:0012::0/126
+  ansible.builtin.set_fact:
+    data1: "{{ '2001:db8:abcd:0012::0/126' | ansible.utils.usable_range }}"
+
+# TASK [Expand and produce list of usable IP addresses in 2001:db8:abcd:0012::0/126] ***
+# ok: [localhost] => {
+#     "ansible_facts": {
+#         "data1": {
+#             "number_of_ips": 4,
+#             "usable_ips": [
+#                 "2001:db8:abcd:12::",
+#                 "2001:db8:abcd:12::1",
+#                 "2001:db8:abcd:12::2",
+#                 "2001:db8:abcd:12::3"
+#             ]
+#         }
+#     },
+#     "changed": false
+# }
+
+- name: Expand and produce list of usable IP addresses in 10.1.1.1
+  ansible.builtin.set_fact:
+    data: "{{ '10.1.1.1' | ansible.utils.usable_range }}"
+
+# TASK [Expand and produce list of usable IP addresses in 10.1.1.1] ***************************
+# ok: [localhost] => {
+#     "ansible_facts": {
+#         "data": {
+#             "number_of_ips": 1,
+#             "usable_ips": [
+#                 "10.1.1.1"
+#             ]
+#         }
+#     },
+#     "changed": false
+# }
+
+#### Simple Use-case (looping through the list result)
+
+- name: Expand and produce list of usable IP addresses in 192.0.2.0/28
+  ansible.builtin.set_fact:
+    data1: "{{ '127.0.0.0/28' | ansible.utils.usable_range }}"
+
+- name: Ping all but first IP addresses from the generated list
+  shell: "ping -c 1 {{ item }}"
+  loop: "{{ data1.usable_ips[1:] }}"
+
+# TASK [Expand and produce list of usable IP addresses in 192.0.2.0/28] ******************************
+# ok: [localhost]
+
+# TASK [Ping all but first IP addresses from the generated list] *************************************
+# changed: [localhost] => (item=127.0.0.1)
+# changed: [localhost] => (item=127.0.0.2)
+# changed: [localhost] => (item=127.0.0.3)
+# changed: [localhost] => (item=127.0.0.4)
+# changed: [localhost] => (item=127.0.0.5)
+# changed: [localhost] => (item=127.0.0.6)
+# changed: [localhost] => (item=127.0.0.7)
+# changed: [localhost] => (item=127.0.0.8)
+# changed: [localhost] => (item=127.0.0.9)
+# changed: [localhost] => (item=127.0.0.10)
+# changed: [localhost] => (item=127.0.0.11)
+# changed: [localhost] => (item=127.0.0.12)
+# changed: [localhost] => (item=127.0.0.13)
+# changed: [localhost] => (item=127.0.0.14)
+# changed: [localhost] => (item=127.0.0.15)
+
+"""
+
+RETURN = """
+    data:
+        description:
+        - Total number of usable IP addresses under the key C(number_of_ips)
+        - List of usable IP addresses under the key C(usable_ips)
+"""
+
+from ansible.errors import AnsibleFilterError
+from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_text
+from ansible.module_utils.six import ensure_text
+
+
+@_need_ipaddress
+def _usable_range(ip):
+    """Expand the usable IP addresses"""
+
+    params = {"ip": ip}
+    _validate_args("usable_range", DOCUMENTATION, params)
+
+    try:
+        if ip_network(ip).version == 4:
+            ips = [
+                to_text(usable_ips)
+                for usable_ips in IPv4Network(ensure_text(ip))
+            ]
+            no_of_ips = IPv4Network(ensure_text(ip)).num_addresses
+        if ip_network(ip).version == 6:
+            ips = [
+                to_text(usable_ips)
+                for usable_ips in IPv6Network(ensure_text(ip))
+            ]
+            no_of_ips = IPv6Network(ensure_text(ip)).num_addresses
+
+    except Exception as e:
+        raise AnsibleFilterError(
+            "Error while using plugin 'usable_range': {msg}".format(
+                msg=to_text(e)
+            )
+        )
+
+    return {"usable_ips": ips, "number_of_ips": no_of_ips}
+
+
+class FilterModule(object):
+    """ usable_range  """
+
+    def filters(self):
+
+        """a mapping of filter names to functions"""
+        return {"usable_range": _usable_range}

tests/integration/targets/usable_range/tasks/include/argspec.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+---
+- name: Check argspec validation with filter (missing arg)
+  ansible.builtin.set_fact:
+    _result1: "{{ '' | ansible.utils.usable_range }}"
+  ignore_errors: true
+  register: result1
+
+- assert:
+    that: "{{ msg in result1.msg }}"
+  vars:
+    msg: "does not appear to be an IPv4 or IPv6 network"
+
+- name: Check argspec validation with filter (random string arg)
+  ansible.builtin.set_fact:
+    _result2: "{{ 'helloworld' | ansible.utils.usable_range }}"
+  ignore_errors: true
+  register: result2
+
+- assert:
+    that: "{{ msg in result2.msg }}"
+  vars:
+    msg: "does not appear to be an IPv4 or IPv6 network"
+
+- name: Check argspec validation with filter (invalid arg for expansion)
+  ansible.builtin.set_fact:
+    _result3: "{{ '192.168.1.25/24' | ansible.utils.usable_range }}"
+  ignore_errors: true
+  register: result3
+
+- assert:
+    that: "{{ msg in result3.msg }}"
+  vars:
+    msg: "has host bits set"
+
+- name: Check argspec validation with filter (invalid format for arg)
+  ansible.builtin.set_fact:
+    _result4: "{{ '192.0.2.0/23/24' | ansible.utils.usable_range }}"
+  ignore_errors: true
+  register: result4
+
+- assert:
+    that: "{{ msg in result4.msg }}"
+  vars:
+    msg: "does not appear to be an IPv4 or IPv6 network"
+
+- name: Check argspec validation with filter (invalid format for arg)
+  ansible.builtin.set_fact:
+    _result5: "{{ '::/20/30' | ansible.utils.usable_range }}"
+  ignore_errors: true
+  register: result5
+
+- assert:
+    that: "{{ msg in result5.msg }}"
+  vars:
+    msg: "does not appear to be an IPv4 or IPv6 network"
+
+- name: Check argspec validation with filter (invalid netmask)
+  ansible.builtin.set_fact:
+    _result6: "{{ '10.0.0.0/322' | ansible.utils.usable_range }}"
+  ignore_errors: true
+  register: result6
+
+- assert:
+    that: "{{ msg in result6.msg }}"
+  vars:
+    msg: "does not appear to be an IPv4 or IPv6 network"
+
+- name: Check argspec validation with filter (invalid netmask)
+  ansible.builtin.set_fact:
+    _result7: "{{ '2001:db8:abcd:0012::0/129' | ansible.utils.usable_range }}"
+  ignore_errors: true
+  register: result7
+
+- assert:
+    that: "{{ msg in result7.msg }}"
+  vars:
+    msg: "does not appear to be an IPv4 or IPv6 network"

tests/integration/targets/usable_range/tasks/include/example_filter.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+---
+# IPv4
+- name: Expand and produce list of usable IP addresses in 10.1.1.1
+  ansible.builtin.set_fact:
+    result1: "{{ '10.1.1.1' | ansible.utils.usable_range }}"
+
+- name: Assert result for 10.1.1.1
+  assert:
+    that: "{{ result1 == result1_val }}"
+
+- name: Expand and produce list of usable IP addresses in 10.0.0.0/28
+  ansible.builtin.set_fact:
+    result2: "{{ '10.0.0.0/28' | ansible.utils.usable_range }}"
+
+- name: Assert result for 10.0.0.0/28
+  assert:
+    that: "{{ result2 == result2_val }}"
+
+- name: Expand and produce list of usable IP addresses in 192.0.2.0/24
+  ansible.builtin.set_fact:
+    result3: "{{ '192.0.2.0/24' | ansible.utils.usable_range }}"
+
+- name: Assert result for 192.0.2.0/24
+  assert:
+    # Since the list is huge, asserting only on number of ips
+    that: "{{ result3.number_of_ips == result3_val.number_of_ips }}"
+
+# IPv6
+- name: Expand and produce list of usable IP addresses in 2001:db8:abcd:0012::0/126
+  ansible.builtin.set_fact:
+    result4: "{{ '2001:db8:abcd:0012::0/126' | ansible.utils.usable_range }}"
+
+- name: Assert result for 2001:db8:abcd:0012::0/126
+  assert:
+    that: "{{ result4 == result4_val }}"
+
+- name: "Expand and produce list of usable IP addresses in 2001:db8:abcd:12::"
+  ansible.builtin.set_fact:
+    result5: "{{ '2001:db8:abcd:12::' | ansible.utils.usable_range }}"
+
+- name: "Assert result for 2001:db8:abcd:12::"
+  assert:
+    that: "{{ result5 == result5_val }}"

tests/integration/targets/usable_range/tasks/main.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+---
+- name: Recursively find all test files
+  find:
+    file_type: file
+    paths: "{{ role_path }}/tasks/include"
+    recurse: true
+    use_regex: true
+    patterns:
+      - "^(?!_).+$"
+  register: found
+
+- include: "{{ item.path }}"
+  loop: "{{ found.files }}"

tests/integration/targets/usable_range/vars/main.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+---
+result1_val:
+  number_of_ips: 1
+  usable_ips:
+    - "10.1.1.1"
+
+result2_val:
+  number_of_ips: 16
+  usable_ips:
+    - "10.0.0.0"
+    - "10.0.0.1"
+    - "10.0.0.2"
+    - "10.0.0.3"
+    - "10.0.0.4"
+    - "10.0.0.5"
+    - "10.0.0.6"
+    - "10.0.0.7"
+    - "10.0.0.8"
+    - "10.0.0.9"
+    - "10.0.0.10"
+    - "10.0.0.11"
+    - "10.0.0.12"
+    - "10.0.0.13"
+    - "10.0.0.14"
+    - "10.0.0.15"
+
+result3_val:
+  number_of_ips: 256
+
+result4_val:
+  number_of_ips: 4
+  usable_ips:
+    - "2001:db8:abcd:12::"
+    - "2001:db8:abcd:12::1"
+    - "2001:db8:abcd:12::2"
+    - "2001:db8:abcd:12::3"
+
+result5_val:
+  number_of_ips: 1
+  usable_ips:
+    - "2001:db8:abcd:12::"

tests/unit/plugins/filter/test_usable_range.py

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright 2021 Red Hat
+# GNU General Public License v3.0+
+# (see COPYING or https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt)
+
+"""
+Unit test file for usable_range filter plugin
+"""
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function
+
+__metaclass__ = type
+
+import unittest
+from ansible.errors import AnsibleError
+from ansible_collections.ansible.utils.plugins.filter.usable_range import (
+    _usable_range,
+)
+
+INVALID_DATA_1 = [
+    "helloworld",
+    "192.0.2.0/23/24",
+    "::/20/30",
+    "10.0.0.0/322",
+    "2001:db8:abcd:0012::0/129",
+]
+INVALID_DATA_2 = ["192.168.1.25/24", "2001:db8:abcd:12::2/126"]
+
+VALID_DATA = [
+    "10.0.0.8/30",
+    "192.0.2.0/28",
+    "2001:db8:abcd:0012::0/126",
+    "2001:DB8:ABCD:12::",
+]
+
+VALID_OUTPUT_1 = {
+    "number_of_ips": 4,
+    "usable_ips": ["10.0.0.8", "10.0.0.9", "10.0.0.10", "10.0.0.11"],
+}
+VALID_OUTPUT_2 = {
+    "number_of_ips": 16,
+    "usable_ips": [
+        "192.0.2.0",
+        "192.0.2.1",
+        "192.0.2.2",
+        "192.0.2.3",
+        "192.0.2.4",
+        "192.0.2.5",
+        "192.0.2.6",
+        "192.0.2.7",
+        "192.0.2.8",
+        "192.0.2.9",
+        "192.0.2.10",
+        "192.0.2.11",
+        "192.0.2.12",
+        "192.0.2.13",
+        "192.0.2.14",
+        "192.0.2.15",
+    ],
+}
+
+VALID_OUTPUT_3 = {
+    "number_of_ips": 4,
+    "usable_ips": [
+        "2001:db8:abcd:12::",
+        "2001:db8:abcd:12::1",
+        "2001:db8:abcd:12::2",
+        "2001:db8:abcd:12::3",
+    ],
+}
+VALID_OUTPUT_4 = {"number_of_ips": 1, "usable_ips": ["2001:db8:abcd:12::"]}
+
+
+class TestUsableRange(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        pass
+
+    def test_missing_data(self):
+        """Check passing missing argspec"""
+
+        # missing required arguments
+        ip = ""
+        with self.assertRaises(AnsibleError) as error:
+            _usable_range(ip)
+        self.assertIn(
+            "does not appear to be an IPv4 or IPv6 network",
+            str(error.exception),
+        )
+
+    def test_invalid_data(self):
+        """Check passing invalid argspec"""
+
+        # invalid required arguments
+
+        for invalid_data in INVALID_DATA_1:
+            with self.assertRaises(AnsibleError) as error:
+                _usable_range(invalid_data)
+            self.assertIn(
+                "does not appear to be an IPv4 or IPv6 network",
+                str(error.exception),
+            )
+
+        for invalid_data in INVALID_DATA_2:
+            with self.assertRaises(AnsibleError) as error:
+                _usable_range(invalid_data)
+            self.assertIn("has host bits set", str(error.exception))
+
+    def test_valid_data(self):
+        """Check passing valid data as per criteria"""
+
+        ip = VALID_DATA[0]
+        result = _usable_range(ip)
+        self.assertEqual(result, VALID_OUTPUT_1)
+
+        ip = VALID_DATA[1]
+        result = _usable_range(ip)
+        self.assertEqual(result, VALID_OUTPUT_2)
+
+        ip = VALID_DATA[2]
+        result = _usable_range(ip)
+        self.assertEqual(result, VALID_OUTPUT_3)
+
+        ip = VALID_DATA[3]
+        result = _usable_range(ip)
+        self.assertEqual(result, VALID_OUTPUT_4)